ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare the histopathological aspects of the liver of free-living and farmed bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus). Thirty liver samples were collected from young and adult bullfrogs in the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Marked blood congestion and even hemorrhage and a large number of melanomacrophages were observed in most of the livers from free-living bullfrogs. Additionally, hepatocytes showed cytoplasmic eosinophilia and some showed nuclear hypertrophy and presence of microvesicular steatosis; small foci of infiltrates of mononuclear cells were observed in some samples, as well as a thicker capsule. In the farmed bullfrogs, cytoplasmic rarefaction was normal. Morphologically, unlike the livers of animals reared on farms, the livers of free-living animals did not show any evidence of protein-mineral deficiency, characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolation and a larger number of melanomacrophages, suggesting greater aggression to the liver parenchyma, probably due to environmental toxicity. Free-living bullfrogs feed on proteins of better biological value, derived from animals preyed in the natural environment.

ABSTRACT. This article aimed to describe the profile of pre-hospital care provided to pregnant women and puerperal mothers by the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) in a municipality in Bahia, Brazil, in 2010. This is a descriptive, documentary, research with a quantitative approach, conducted by means of secondary data generated from 385 health care records; data collection took place through a form adapted from the health care records of this service, from December 2011 to April 2012. Data were tabulated by frequency distribution and analyzed by simple statistics. Out of the total number of health care records analyzed, 360 pregnant women (93.5%) were provided with care, and 78 became pregnant more than once (20.3%); 107 were at the age group from 20 to 24 years (27.8%); 95 were at a gestational age between 38 and 42 weeks (24.7%); and 208 were provided with care during labor (54.0%). Among the pregnant women, 337 underwent delivery at a hospital (87.5%) and 152 were referred to public maternity hospitals (39.5%); 99 patients were provided with care between 12:00 p.m. and 06:00 a.m. (25.7%). As for umbilical cord clamping, 13 procedures were registered (3.5%), as well as 11 deliverance cases (2.9%). It was concluded that the profile of pre-hospital care provided to pregnant women and puerperal mothers by the service focused on labor, delivery, and puerperium, something which may be related to the perception of ease, quickness, and safety.

RESUMEN. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo describir el perfil de la atención pre-hospitalaria a las mujeres embarazadas y las puérperas por el Servicio de Atención Móvil de Urgencia (SAMU) en un municipio de Bahía, Brasil, en 2010. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva, documental, con abordaje cuantitativo, llevada a cabo por medio de datos secundarios generados desde 385 registros de atención a la salud; la recolección de datos ocurrió a través de formulario adaptado desde los registros de atención a la salud de este servicio, de diciembre de 2011 a abril de 2012. Los datos fueron tabulados por distribución de frecuencia y se analizaron mediante estadística simple. Del número total de registros analizados, 360 mujeres embarazadas recibieron cuidados (93,5%), entre estas, 78 quedaron embarazadas más de una vez (20,3%); 107 estaban en la franja etaria de 20 a 24 años (27,8%); 95 tenían una edad gestacional entre 38 y 42 semanas (24,7%); y 208 estaban en trabajo de parto (54,0%). Entre las mujeres embarazadas, 337 se sometieron a parto en un hospital (87,5%) y 152 fueron encaminadas a maternidades públicas (39,5%); 99 atenciones fueron realizadas entre 00:00 y 06:00 (25,7%). En cuanto al pinzamiento del cordón umbilical, 13 procedimientos fueron registrados (3,5%), así como 11 casos de liberación (2,9%). Se concluyó que el perfil de la atención pre-hospitalaria a las mujeres embarazadas y puérperas por el servicio se centró en el trabajo de parto, el parto y el puerperio, lo que puede estar relacionado con la percepción de facilidad, rapidez y seguridad.

RESUMO. Este artigo objetivou descrever o perfil do atendimento pré-hospitalar às gestantes e puérperas pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) em um município baiano em 2010. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, documental e de abordagem quantitativa, realizada a partir de dados secundários gerados de 385 fichas de atendimento; a coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de formulário adaptado da ficha de atendimento desse serviço, de dezembro de 2011 a abril de 2012. Os dados foram tabulados por meio da distribuição de frequências e analisados por meio da estatística simples. Do total de fichas analisadas, foram atendidas 360 gestantes (93,5%), sendo 78 multigestas (20,3%); 107 encontravam-se na faixa etária de 20 a 24 anos (27,8%); 95 tinham idade gestacional entre 38 e 42 semanas (24,7%); e 208 estavam em trabalho de parto (54,0%). Entre as gestantes, 337 tiveram parto hospitalar (87,5%) e 152 foram encaminhadas para maternidades públicas (39,5%); 99 atendimentos foram realizados entre 00:00 e 06:00 (25,7%). Quanto ao clampeamento de cordão, 13 procedimentos foram registrados (3,5%), bem como 11 delivramentos (2,9%). Concluiu-se que o perfil do atendimento pré-hospitalar às gestantes e puérperas pelo serviço esteve voltado ao trabalho de parto, parto e puerpério, o que pode estar relacionado à percepção de facilidade, rapidez e segurança.

Phenotypic characters of honeybees, relevant to beekeepers, can be evaluated by studying correlations between them, and the correlated characteristics can be evaluated in the short term to assist in monitoring of annual genetic progress. This work therefore aims to evaluate the production of honey and propolis, the hygiene and defensive behaviours of two generations of Africanized Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apidae), to estimate the correlations between them and their heritability. We used 30 Langstroth beehives in apiaries in Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná State, Brazil. We used a method of drilling pupae to evaluate hygiene behaviour and the velveteen ball method to test defensive behaviour. We selected ten colonies which had the best honey and propolis production, and which produced F1 queens that were then transferred to beehives at an experimental farm, in order to observe honey and propolis production, hygiene and defence behaviours of their female offspring. The estimated differences for each characteristic between the generations, the correlations between them within each generation and their heritability suggest that selection of colonies based on propolis production was more efficient at maintaining this high production than was selection based on honey production according to the performance of the colonies for this characteristic. The selected behavioural characteristics can be used to enhance performance, but not for improving yield characteristics evaluated.

El artículo contiene una síntesis de los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos, y algunos de los resultados obtenidos de una investigación realizada por el grupo de investigación de Educación y Educadores, de la Universidad de La Sabana , sobre la caracterización y necesidades de formación de los directivos docentes de las instituciones de educación básica y media, tanto oficiales como privadas. La investigación nos permite concluir, entro otros hallazgos, que los directivos docentes han sido formados en teorías empresariales, las cuales se trasladan con cierta facilidad a lo educativo sin una reflexión profunda y coherente con los fines, y que esos contenidos han permeado la política educativa y las prácticas directivas, e influido en la concepción misma de la institución educativa, en la manera de actuar del directivo y en el uso de un lenguaje empresarial, y así se reflejan con menos preponderancia las teorías alimentadas por el saber educativo y pedagógico.

The article looks at a study done by the Educación y Educadores research team at Universidad de La Sabana on the characterization and needs of teachers-administrators at elementary and secondary schools in Colombia , both public and private. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study and some of the results are summarized. Among its findings, the study showed teachers-administrators are trained in business theory, which they apply to education fairly easily, but with no in-depth analysis that is consistent with its objectives. Business contents have pervaded education policy and administrative practices, and have influenced the concept of the school, the actions of administrators and the use of business language. As a result, one sees less of a preponderance of theories nurtured by educational and pedagogic knowledge.

Este artigo sintetiza as bases teóricas e metodológicas, e alguns resultados de uma pesquisa levada a cabo pelo grupo de pesquisa de Educación y Educadores, da Universidad de La Sabana com respeito à caraterização e necessidades de formação dos diretivos docentes das instituições da educação básica e meia, oficiais e privadas. Nesta pesquisa concluiu-se, entre outros aspectos, que os diretivos docentes têm sido formados em teorias empresariais que são trasladadas com alguma facilidade à educação sem submetê-las a reflexão profunda e coerente com os fins, que esses contidos têm impregnado a política educativa e as práticas diretivas, e têm influenciado na conceição mesma da instituição educativa no modo de atuar do diretivo e no uso de uma linguagem empresarial. Enquanto as teorias alimentadas pelo conhecimento educativo e pedagógico não se lhes dá a mesma importância.

O trabalho teve por objetivo a aplicação de uma metodologia de inspeção sanitária para estabelecimentos ambulantes de alimentos da zona urbana do Município de Ibiúna-SP. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de maio a novembro de 2006, com 57 vendedores ambulantes de alimentos de feiras livres e vias públicas, a partir da elaboração de roteiro de inspeção sanitária para vendedores ambulantes (RISVA), sua aplicação, realização de curso teórico específico e retorno aos estabelecimentos inspecionados. Os resultados obtidos na primeira inspeção em pontos médios foram de 46,28, e após as intervenções de 57,60. O desenvolvimento e a aplicação do RISVA permitiram a padronização das inspeções nos estabelecimentos ambulantes de alimentos.

The objective of this work was to design and apply an inspection model to street food vendors of the urban area of the Municipality of Ibiúna, São Paulo Brazil. The research was developed from May to October, 2006 with 57 street food vendors at street markets or outdoors, with the design of an inspection routine for street food vendors (RISVA), its establishment, organization of a specific course, and return to the initially-inspected vendor. The result obtained from the first inspection in mean points was 46.28 and after the intervention it was 57.60. The design and establishment of RISVA allowed for the standardization of an inspection routine for street food vendors.

O trabalho teve por objetivo a aplicação de uma metodologia de inspeção sanitária para estabelecimentos ambulantes de alimentos da zona urbana do Município de Ibiúna-SP. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de maio a novembro de 2006, com 57 vendedores ambulantes de alimentos de feiras livres e vias públicas, a partir da elaboração de roteiro de inspeção sanitária para vendedores ambulantes (RISVA), sua aplicação, realização de curso teórico específico e retorno aos estabelecimentos inspecionados. Os resultados obtidos na primeira inspeção em pontos médios foram de 46,28, e após as intervenções de 57,60. O desenvolvimento e a aplicação do RISVA permitiram a padronização das inspeções nos estabelecimentos ambulantes de alimentos.

The objective of this work was to design and apply an inspection model to street food vendors of the urban area of the Municipality of Ibiúna, São Paulo Brazil. The research was developed from May to October, 2006 with 57 street food vendors at street markets or outdoors, with the design of an inspection routine for street food vendors (RISVA), its establishment, organization of a specific course, and return to the initially-inspected vendor. The result obtained from the first inspection in mean points was 46.28 and after the intervention it was 57.60. The design and establishment of RISVA allowed for the standardization of an inspection routine for street food vendors.